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For example, the highest average scores for trait Neuroticism were found in Japan and Argentina while the lowest were found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Slovenia. Again, between-nation variation emerged in average personality. International studies of personality have also shown that while average trait levels vary between cultures, the basic structure of personality, organised into five main traits, seems to be a universal.Ĭonsider another huge study of cross-cultural personality differences, led by David Schmitt at Bradley University and published in 2007, that involved over 17,000 people from 56 different nations around the world. Last year, Katherine Corker at Kenyon College and colleagues demonstrated that small but non-trivial differences in the average personality scores between students at different US universities, thus showing the risks of inferring too much about an entire country from a single sample.Ĭritics of this field also point out issues like how much citizens of different countries are disposed to tick extreme scores on a psychological test (although McCrae and his collaborators did address some of these concerns, for example by including a measure of “acquiescence” – people’s tendency to agree with survey items).ĭespite these methodological challenges, several large studies have repeatedly uncovered variation in average personality across the globe, and the results usually chime in theoretically consistent ways with other measures – countries that score higher in Extraversion, for example, also tend to score higher in average levels of self-esteem. There are also complications and controversies around how to interpret these kind of results, such as the huge challenge of ensuring that personality questionnaires are translated to mean exactly the same thing to participants in all the different cultures, and that the samples in each culture are truly representative of that culture. Of course, it’s important to remember that these are averages and there is a lot of overlap between countries there are undoubtedly a lot of people in Indonesia who are more extraverted than some from Brazil. The study also uncovered variation between countries in the three other main personality traits of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness.

The highest scoring for Openness to Experience were German-speaking Swiss, Danes and Germans, while the lowest scoring on average were Hong Kong Chinese, Northern Irish and Kuwaitis. The highest scoring cultural groups for Extraversion on average were Brazilians, French Swiss and the Maltese, while the lowest scoring were Nigerians, Moroccans and Indonesians.

Bbc sportnationalities of the japanese rugby team